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Fasting in Ramadan, voluntary fasts, and things that break the fast.
285 · Hadith
Ziyad b. Jubair reported that a person came to Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with them) and said:I had taken a vow that I would fast on the day (but it accidentally) synchronises with the day of Adha or the day of Fitr. Thereupon Ibn 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) said: Allah, the Exalted, has commanded fulfilling of the vow, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) has forbidden the observance of fast on this day
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) said that the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade to observe fast on two days-the day of Fitr and the day of Adha
Nubaisha al-Hudhali reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:The days of Tashriq are the days of eating and drinking
Nabaisha reported that Khalid said:I met Abu Malih and asked him and he narrated it to me from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ). a hadith like one (narrated above) with this addition:" And remembrance of Allah
Ibn Ka'b b. Malik reported on the authority of his father that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent him and Aus b. Hadathan during the days of Tashriq to make this announcement:None but the believer would be admitted into Paradise, and the days of Mina' are the days meant for eating and drinking
This hadith has been narrated on the authority of Ibrahim b. Tahman with the same chain of transmitters but with this variation that he said:Both of them made the announcement
Muhammad b. 'Abbas b. Ja'far reported:I asked Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with both of them) as he was circumambulating the House (Ka'ba) whether the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had forbidden the fasting on Friday, whereupon he said: Yes, by the Lord of this House
Muhammad b. 'Abbas b. Ja'far reported that he asked Jabir b. Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them), whether he had heard like this from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying:None among you should observe fast on Friday, but only that he observes fast before it and after it
Abu Huraira (Allah be pleased with him) reported Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying:Do not single out the night (preceding) Friday among the nights for prayer and do not single out Friday among days for fasting but only when anyone among you is accustomed to fast (on dates) which coincide with this day (Friday)
Salama b. Akwa' (Allah be pleased with him) reported that when this verse was revealed:"And as for those who can fast (but do not) expiation is the feeding of a needy person" (ii. 183), (he who liked to observe fast did observe it) and he who felt reluctant to observe it ate and expiated till the verse was revealed which abrogated it
Salama b. Akwa' reported:We, during the lifetime of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), in one month of Ramadan (observed fast according to our liking). He who wished to fast lasted and he who wished to break broke it and fed a needy person as an expiation 1544 till this verse was revealed:" He who witnesses among you the month (of Ramadan) he should observe fast during it" (ii)
Abu Salama reported:I heard 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) as saying: I had to complete some of the fasts of Ramadan, but I could not do it but during the month of Sha'ban due to my duties to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) or with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
This hadith is narrated on the authority of Yahya b. Sa'id with the same chain of transmitters but with this variation that he said that ('A'isha did not observe fast but in Sha'ban) out of regard for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
In another version of the previous hadith, the words are:" Yahya said: I think it was due to the regard for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
This hadith is reported on the authority of Yahya with the same chain of transmitters but no mention is made of the duty to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)
A'isha reported:If one amongst us had to break fasts (of Ramadan due to natural reasons, i. e. menses) during the life of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) she could not find it possible to complete them so long she had been in the presence of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) till Sha'ban commenced
A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying:If anyone dies in a state (that he had to complete) some fasts, his heir must fast on his behalf
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with both of them) reported:A woman came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: My mother has died, and fasts of a month are due from her. Thereupon he said: Don't you see that if debt was due from her, would you not pay it? She said: Yes (I would pay on her behalf). Thereupon he said: The debt of Allah deserves its payment more than (the payment of anyone else)
Ibn 'Abbas (Allah be pleased with them) reported:A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and said: Messenger of Allah, my mother has died (in a state) that she had to observe fasts of a month (of Ramadan). Should I complete (them) on her behalf? thereupon he (the Holy Prophet) said: Would you not pay the debt if your mother had died (without paying it)? He said: Yes. He (the Holy Prophet) said: The debt of Allah deserves more that it should he paid